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Welsh Labour and Plaid Cymru: two competing visions for Europe

Brexit’s fallout in Wales has sharpened a political divide between Labour’s cautious reset with Europe and Plaid Cymru’s pro-EU vision

Gareth Wyn Roberts by Gareth Wyn Roberts
11-03-2026 17:09 - Updated on 12-03-2026 17:03
in Politics & Society
Reading Time: 11 mins read
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In the run-up to the Welsh Senedd elections and amid renewed interest in closer ties with the European Union, a familiar question has returned to Welsh politics: what should Wales’s relationship with Europe be? Welsh Labour and Plaid Cymru offer sharply different answers, reflecting not only contrasting economic priorities but also deeper differences over the constitutional future of Wales within the United Kingdom and Europe.

Before Brexit, Wales was one of the largest recipients of EU structural funds in the United Kingdom, making the economic consequences of EU withdrawal particularly significant in Welsh political debate.

Welsh Labour broadly follows the lead given by the Westminster UK Labour parliament. The UK Labour Party is not willing to cross the red lines of the 2024 parliamentary election. The UK will not rejoin the EU as a member. It will not rejoin the EU single market or the customs union. Their policy is to improve relationships with the EU through greater cooperation and agreeing specific bilateral agreements. The Westminster party has made it clear that rejoining is not on the agenda.

Plaid Cymru, however, places Wales’ perceived needs first. It wants Brexit to be reversed. Plaid Cymru advocates rejoining both the single market and the customs union as soon as possible and ultimately would wish Wales to rejoin the EU as an independent nation within the European Union, if that is what the people of Wales decide. If Wales has not gained independence before the UK prospectively decides to rejoin at some point in the future, then they would support the UK rejoining the EU.

Different strategies within the Brexit settlement

The UK’s relationship with the EU is ultimately the responsibility of the UK government and parliament, and Wales can only lobby and urge a different view. Plaid Cymru will continue to formally urge any future Welsh government to lobby Westminster for single market and customs union integration. This is the policy Plaid Cymru Westminster members of parliament also follow. The party sees this as the only honest and realistic response to the economic tensions and difficulties caused by the current trade deal.

The Labour Party would rather focus on sectoral deals, improved security and trade ties and encourage these. They have inherited not only the policies of the previous Conservative government but also chosen to ‘live with’, for example, the £51mn wasted on the Parc Cybi border customs post (plant and animal biosecurity) in Holyhead.

The Labour government in Cardiff Bay can only act within devolved areas using the funds at its disposal. It did show its defiance of the previous UK government’s education policies by establishing a rival to the UK’s Turing programme , namely the Taith exchange programme. ‘Taith’ is the Welsh word for ‘journey’ – Welsh government projects are usually given names in the Welsh language. Unlike Turing, which funds visits abroad but not return visits, Taith is a two-way exchange scheme. This has been very successful so far, especially in involving young people from less favoured backgrounds. It has distinctive Welsh features that differentiate it from the EU’s Erasmus+ programme.

Brexit’s economic and constitutional consequences

Plaid Cymru believes that Boris Johnson’s hard Brexit was inherently detrimental to Wales and cites billions in lost revenue. The damage to Welsh industry, especially to SMEs (small-medium sized enterprises), is so great, they argue, that the UK must leave the present status quo and return to European structures.

Welsh Labour, as does the Labour party in Westminster, squarely blames the management of Brexit by the Conservative Party rather than the departure from the EU itself. Their rhetoric focuses on “resetting” relations and “repairing damage” through better governance and diplomacy.

There are constitutional implications to this difference of attitude and policy. Plaid Cymru uses Brexit as one of the justifications for independence. The party argues that Westminster’s handling of EU withdrawal and the subsequent loss of regional funding proves that Wales requires full autonomy to manage its international affairs.

Welsh Labour is staunchly unionist in its perspective. It wants to improve the devolution settlement from within the UK and ensure Welsh interests are represented in UK-EU dialogues. In their view international affairs are not a devolved matter.

The current Welsh Labour government priority is gaining a fairer share of post-EU funding available from Westminster to make up for lost grants and subsidies from the EU. So far, the recompense offered by both the Conservative (and now the Labour Westminster government) falls significantly short of previous grants from the EU. If anything, the amount proposed by the Labour government in Westminster is even less than that offered by the Conservatives.

Two paths for Wales’ European future

Plaid Cymru advocates a phased reintegration into the EU, beginning with the single market. Welsh Labour, on the other hand, seeks to optimise the current outside-the-EU reality by pursuing closer cooperation and management, while firmly rejecting a return to previous European structures. As the election approaches, the divide highlights a broader question: whether Wales should adapt to Brexit or tentatively seek a path back towards Europe – this year’s Senedd election could mark a significant turning point.


Llafur Cymru a Phlaid Cymru: dwy weledigaeth gystadleuol ar gyfer Ewrop

Mae canlyniadau Brexit yng Nghymru wedi miniogi’r rhaniad gwleidyddol rhwng ailosod gofalus Llafur gydag Ewrop a gweledigaeth Plaid Cymru o blaid yr UE

Yn y cyfnod cyn etholiadau Senedd Cymru a chyda diddordeb newydd mewn cysylltiadau agosach â’r Undeb Ewropeaidd, mae cwestiwn cyfarwydd wedi dychwelyd i wleidyddiaeth Cymru: beth ddylai perthynas Cymru ag Ewrop fod? Mae Llafur Cymru a Phlaid Cymru yn cynnig atebion gwahanol iawn, gan adlewyrchu nid yn unig flaenoriaethau economaidd cyferbyniol ond hefyd wahaniaethau dyfnach ynghylch dyfodol cyfansoddiadol Cymru o fewn y Deyrnas Unedig ac Ewrop.

Cyn Brexit, roedd Cymru yn derbyn un o’r symiau mwyaf o gronfeydd strwythurol yr UE yn y Deyrnas Unedig. Golyga hyn bod canlyniadau economaidd ymadael â’r UE yn arbennig o arwyddocaol wrth drafod gwleidyddiaeth yng Nghymru.

Mae Llafur Cymru yn dilyn yr arweiniad bras a gynigir gan senedd Lafur y DU yn San Steffan . Nid yw Plaid Lafur y DU yn fodlon croesi llinellau coch etholiad seneddol 2024. Ni fydd y DU yn ailymuno fel aelod o’r UE. Ni fydd yn ailymuno â marchnad sengl yr UE na’r undeb tollau. Eu polisi yw gwella’r berthynas â’r UE trwy fwy o gydweithrediad a chytuno ar gytundebau dwyochrog penodol. Mae’r blaid Lafur yn San Steffan wedi gwneud yn glir nad yw “ailymuno” ar yr agenda.

Fodd bynnag, mae Plaid Cymru yn blaenoriaethu anghenion canfyddedig Cymru. Mae eisiau gwrthdroi Brexit. Mae Plaid Cymru yn eiriol dros ailymuno â’r farchnad sengl a’r undeb tollau cyn gynted â phosibl ac yn y pen draw, bydd yn dymuno i Gymru ailymuno â’r UE fel cenedl annibynnol o fewn yr Undeb Ewropeaidd, os mai dyna yw penderfyniad pobl Cymru. Os nad yw Cymru wedi ennill annibyniaeth cyn i’r DU benderfynu ailymuno rywbryd yn y dyfodol, yna bydd Plaid Cymru yn cefnogi’r DU os yw’n ailymuno â’r UE.

Gwahanol strategaethau o fewn setliad Brexit

Yn y pen draw, cyfrifoldeb llywodraeth a senedd y DU yw perthynas y DU â’r UE, a dim ond lobïo ac annog barn wahanol y gall Cymru ei wneud. Bydd Plaid Cymru yn parhau i annog yn ffurfiol unrhyw lywodraeth Gymreig yn y dyfodol i lobïo San Steffan i sicrhau aelodaeth o’r farchnad sengl a’r undeb tollau. Dyma’r polisi y mae aelodau seneddol Plaid Cymru yn San Steffan hefyd yn ei ddilyn. Mae’r blaid hon yn gweld hyn fel yr unig ymateb gonest a realistig i’r tensiynau a’r anawsterau economaidd a achosir gan y cytundeb masnach presennol.

Byddai’r Blaid Lafur yn hytrach yn dymuno canolbwyntio ar gytundebau sectoraidd, gwella diogelwch a chysylltiadau masnach – a byddai’n annog y rhain. Maent wedi etifeddu nid yn unig bolisïau’r llywodraeth Geidwadol flaenorol ond hefyd wedi dewis ‘derbyn’, er enghraifft, y £51 miliwn a wastraffwyd ar orsaf dollau ffin (bioddiogelwch planhigion ac anifeiliaid ym Mharc Cybi) ger Nghaergybi.

Dim ond o fewn meysydd datganoledig y gall llywodraeth Lafur ym Mae Caerdydd weithredu gan ddefnyddio’r arian sydd ar gael iddi. Dangosodd ei herfeiddiad o bolisïau addysg llywodraeth flaenorol y DU drwy sefydlu cystadleuydd i raglen Turing y DU, sef rhaglen gyfnewid Taith. ‘Taith’ yw’r gair Cymraeg am ‘journey/travel’ – rhoddir enwau fel arfer yn yr iaith Gymraeg i brosiectau llywodraeth Cymru. Yn wahanol i Turing, sy’n ariannu ymweliadau dramor ond nid ymweliadau cyfnewid, mae Taith yn gynllun cyfnewid dwyffordd. Mae hyn wedi bod yn llwyddiannus iawn hyd yn hyn, yn enwedig wrth gynnwys pobl ifanc o gefndiroedd llai ffafriol. Mae ganddo nodweddion Cymreig nodedig sy’n ei wahaniaethu oddi wrth raglen Erasmus+ yr UE.

Canlyniadau economaidd a chyfansoddiadol Brexit

Mae Plaid Cymru yn credu bod “Brexit caled “Boris Johnson yn niweidiol i Gymru yn ei hanfod ac yn crybwyll biliynau o refeniw colledig. Mae’r difrod i ddiwydiant Cymru, yn enwedig i fusnesau bach a chanolig eu maint (SMEs), mor fawr, yn eu dadleuon nhw, fel bod yn rhaid i’r DU adael y status quo presennol a dychwelyd i strwythurau Ewropeaidd.

Mae Llafur Cymru, fel y mae’r Blaid Lafur yn San Steffan, yn beio’n llwyr ar reolaeth Brexit gan y Blaid Geidwadol yn hytrach na’r ymadawiad â’r UE ei hun. Mae eu rhethreg yn canolbwyntio ar “ailosod” cysylltiadau ac “atgyweirio difrod” trwy well llywodraethu a diplomyddiaeth.

Mae goblygiadau cyfansoddiadol i’r gwahaniaeth hwn mewn agwedd a pholisi. Mae Plaid Cymru yn defnyddio Brexit fel un o’r rhesymau dros gyfiawnhau annibyniaeth. Mae’r blaid yn dadlau bod y ffordd y mae San Steffan wedi ymdrin ag ymadawiad yr UE a’r golled o gyllid rhanbarthol a ddilynodd hyn yn profi bod angen ymreolaeth lawn ar Gymru i reoli ei materion rhyngwladol.

Mae Llafur Cymru yn gadarn unoliaethol yn ei safbwynt. Mae am wella’r setliad datganoli o fewn y DU a sicrhau bod buddiannau Cymru yn cael eu cynrychioli mewn deialogau DU-UE. Yn eu barn nhw, nid yw materion rhyngwladol yn fater datganoledig.

Blaenoriaeth bresennol llywodraeth Lafur Cymru yw ennill cyfran decach o gyllid ôl-UE sydd ar gael o San Steffan i wneud iawn am grantiau a chymorthdaliadau coll o’r UE. Hyd yn hyn, mae’r iawndal a gynigiwyd gan y Ceidwadwyr (a llywodraeth Lafur San Steffan nawr) yn sylweddol is na’r grantiau blaenorol gan yr UE. Mae’r swm a gynigiwyd gan lywodraeth Lafur San Steffan yn llai hyd yn oed na’r hyn a gyniwyd gan y Ceidwadwyr.

Dau lwybr ar gyfer dyfodol Ewropeaidd Cymru

Mae Plaid Cymru yn dadlau dros ailintegreiddio graddol i’r UE, gan ddechrau gyda’r farchnad sengl. Mae Llafur Cymru, ar y llaw arall, yn ceisio optimeiddio’r realiti presennol y tu allan i’r UE trwy ddilyn cydweithrediad a rheolaeth agosach, tra’n gwrthod yn gadarn ddychwelyd i strwythurau Ewropeaidd blaenorol. Wrth i’r etholiad agosáu, mae’r rhaniad yn tynnu sylw at gwestiwn ehangach: a ddylai Cymru addasu i ofynion Brexit neu geisio llwybr petrus yn ôl i Ewrop – gallai etholiad Senedd eleni nodi trobwynt arwyddocaol.


Advanced Welsh learner notes are available on request – just contact us at editor@bylines.cymru.


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Gareth Wyn Roberts

Gareth Wyn Roberts

Gareth Wyn Roberts is a retired educator with a background in languages and education. He is fluent in Welsh, both spoken and written, and maintains a keen interest in Welsh politics. Presently, he serves as the Secretary of “Wales for Europe”. After completing his studies in modern languages, specialising in French and German, at Cambridge, he returned to the Welsh speaking heartland. He has lived in Anglesey for the past sixty years. Follow Gareth on Bluesky.

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